Understanding Endometriosis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a health condition where tissue, similar to the lining inside the uterus, grows outside it. This tissue can cause pain, swelling, and sometimes problems with fertility. Usually, endometriosis affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the area around the uterus. However, it can also appear in other parts of the body. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), endometriosis affects about 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide.

Common Symptoms of Endometriosis

Many people with endometriosis experience a range of symptoms. Sometimes, these symptoms can be mild. Other times, they can be severe and affect daily life. For example, you may notice pain or discomfort during your period. But symptoms can vary from person to person. Here are some common signs:

Painful periods (cramps that may get worse over time)

Pain during or after sex

Pain with bowel movements or urination, especially during periods

Heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between periods

Trouble getting pregnant

Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, or bloating

However, some people with endometriosis have no symptoms at all. If you notice any of these signs, it is important to talk to your doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of endometriosis. Still, several factors may increase your risk. For instance, having a family member with endometriosis can raise your chances. Here are some possible causes and risk factors:

Family history of endometriosis

Starting periods at an early age

Short menstrual cycles (less than 27 days)

Heavy periods that last more than seven days

Never giving birth

Health problems that block the normal flow of menstrual blood

Although these factors may increase risk, anyone with a uterus can develop endometriosis. But knowing your risk can help you seek care early.

How Endometriosis is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose endometriosis. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may do a pelvic exam to check for cysts or scars. However, small areas of endometriosis are hard to feel. Because of this, imaging tests can help. For example, an ultrasound or MRI can show larger growths. But the only way to confirm endometriosis is through a minor surgery called laparoscopy. During this procedure, a doctor looks inside your abdomen with a small camera. This helps them see and sometimes remove tissue for testing. If you wonder, “How is endometriosis diagnosed?” remember that early diagnosis can lead to better treatment.

Treatment Options for Endometriosis

There are several endometriosis treatment options. The best choice depends on your symptoms, age, and plans for pregnancy. Your doctor will help you decide. Common treatments include:

Pain relievers, such as ibuprofen

Hormone therapy to slow tissue growth

Birth control pills or patches

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) medicines

Surgery to remove endometriosis tissue

Fertility treatments if you want to get pregnant

Sometimes, a mix of treatments works best. But regular follow-up with your doctor is important to manage symptoms.

Lifestyle Tips and Self-Care

Along with medical treatment, self-care can help manage endometriosis symptoms. For instance, making small changes in your daily routine may ease pain. Here are some helpful tips:

Use a heating pad on your lower belly to relieve cramps

Try gentle exercise, like walking or yoga

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Practice stress-reducing activities, such as meditation or deep breathing

Track your symptoms in a journal to share with your doctor

Although these steps may not cure endometriosis, they can improve your quality of life. Always talk to your doctor before starting new activities or supplements.

Prevention and When to See a Doctor

Currently, there is no sure way to prevent endometriosis. However, knowing the symptoms and risk factors can help you seek care early. If you have painful periods, heavy bleeding, or trouble getting pregnant, see a doctor. Early diagnosis can lead to better endometriosis treatment options and less pain. In addition, regular check-ups can help you stay healthy.

If you think you may have endometriosis, do not wait. Consult Dr. Samatha Kumar at Cloudnine, Banjara Hills for personalised advice and early diagnosis of endometriosis.